diff --git a/data/ontologies/digital-heraldry-ontology-heraldry.ttl b/data/ontologies/digital-heraldry-ontology-heraldry.ttl
index cb87c3e3aea9fc0eaab822f1d82e38be52d72d4f..432958a54addaabd950c3ab9c2117bce6b7a32d1 100644
--- a/data/ontologies/digital-heraldry-ontology-heraldry.ttl
+++ b/data/ontologies/digital-heraldry-ontology-heraldry.ttl
@@ -82,13 +82,13 @@ schema:domainIncludes rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .
 
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#accompaniedBy
 dhoh:accompaniedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-                   rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
+                   rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasSpatialRelation ;
                    rdfs:label "accompaniedBy" .
 
 
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#and
 dhoh:and rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-         rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
+         rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasSpatialRelation ;
          rdfs:label "and" .
 
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ dhoh:arranged rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
 
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#between
 dhoh:between rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-             rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
+             rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasSpatialRelation ;
              rdfs:label "between" .
 
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ dhoh:blazonWasCorrected rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
 
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#chargedWith
 dhoh:chargedWith rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-                 rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
+                 rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasSpatialRelation ;
                  rdfs:label "chargedWith" .
 
 
@@ -136,25 +136,19 @@ dhoh:correctedCoatOfArms rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
 
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#decoratedWith
 dhoh:decoratedWith rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-                   rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
+                   rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasSpatialRelation ;
                    rdfs:label "decoratedWith" .
 
 
-###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#dexter
-dhoh:dexter rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-            rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
-            rdfs:label "dexter" .
-
-
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#eachTippedWith
 dhoh:eachTippedWith rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-                    rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
+                    rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasSpatialRelation ;
                     rdfs:label "eachTippedWith" .
 
 
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#enhanced
 dhoh:enhanced rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-              rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
+              rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasSpatialRelation ;
               rdfs:label "enhanced" .
 
 
@@ -341,6 +335,16 @@ dhoh:hasSeme rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
              rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasCharge .
 
 
+###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#hasSpatialRelation
+dhoh:hasSpatialRelation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
+                        rdfs:comment "DOCUMENTATION TO BE ADDED"@en ;
+                        rdfs:label "hasSpatialRelation"@en ;
+                        schema:RangeIncludes dhoh:Charge ,
+                                             dhoh:Layer ;
+                        schema:domainIncludes dhoh:Charge ,
+                                              dhoh:Layer .
+
+
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#hasTincture
 dhoh:hasTincture rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                  rdfs:domain dhoh:Pattern ;
@@ -369,52 +373,21 @@ dhoh:hasTincture4 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                   rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasTincture .
 
 
-###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#hasVisualRelation
-dhoh:hasVisualRelation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-                       rdfs:comment "DOCUMENTATION TO BE ADDED"@en ;
-                       rdfs:label "hasVisualRelation"@en ;
-                       schema:RangeIncludes dhoh:Charge ,
-                                            dhoh:Layer ;
-                       schema:domainIncludes dhoh:Charge ,
-                                             dhoh:Layer .
+###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#hasTopologicalRelation
+dhoh:hasTopologicalRelation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
+                            rdfs:range dhoh:Direction ;
+                            rdfs:comment "DOCUMENTATION TO BE ADDED"@en ;
+                            rdfs:label "hasTopologicalRelation"@en ;
+                            schema:domainIncludes dhoh:Charge ,
+                                                  dhoh:Layer .
 
 
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#holding
 dhoh:holding rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-             rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
+             rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasSpatialRelation ;
              rdfs:label "holding" .
 
 
-###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#inBase
-dhoh:inBase rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-            rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
-            rdfs:label "inBase" .
-
-
-###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#inChf
-dhoh:inChf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-           rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
-           rdfs:label "inChf" .
-
-
-###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#inChfDx
-dhoh:inChfDx rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-             rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
-             rdfs:label "inChfDx" .
-
-
-###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#issant
-dhoh:issant rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-            rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
-            rdfs:label "issant" .
-
-
-###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#isstSn
-dhoh:isstSn rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-            rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
-            rdfs:label "isstSn" .
-
-
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#marshalledByType
 dhoh:marshalledByType rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                       rdfs:domain dhoh:Field ;
@@ -425,19 +398,13 @@ dhoh:marshalledByType rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
 
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#on
 dhoh:on rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-        rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
+        rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasSpatialRelation ;
         rdfs:label "on" .
 
 
-###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#sinister
-dhoh:sinister rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-              rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
-              rdfs:label "sinister" .
-
-
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#with
 dhoh:with rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
-          rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasVisualRelation ;
+          rdfs:subPropertyOf dhoh:hasSpatialRelation ;
           rdfs:label "with" .
 
 
@@ -1501,6 +1468,16 @@ dhoh:InBend rdf:type owl:Class ;
             rdfs:label "InBend" .
 
 
+###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#InChf
+dhoh:InChf rdf:type owl:Class ;
+           rdfs:subClassOf dhoh:Direction .
+
+
+###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#InChfDx
+dhoh:InChfDx rdf:type owl:Class ;
+             rdfs:subClassOf dhoh:Direction .
+
+
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#InFess
 dhoh:InFess rdf:type owl:Class ;
             rdfs:subClassOf dhoh:Arrangement ;
@@ -1563,8 +1540,13 @@ dhoh:IronGrate rdf:type owl:Class ;
 
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#Issant
 dhoh:Issant rdf:type owl:Class ;
-            rdfs:subClassOf dhoh:Modifier ;
-            rdfs:label "Issant" .
+            rdfs:subClassOf dhoh:Direction .
+
+
+###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#IssantSn
+dhoh:IssantSn rdf:type owl:Class ;
+              rdfs:subClassOf dhoh:Direction ;
+              rdfs:label "IssantSn"@en .
 
 
 ###  http://digitalheraldry.org/digital-heraldry-ontology/heraldry#Key